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Axion

A GPU-accelerated physics simulator with non-smooth contact and exact friction.


Axion is a rigid body simulator built for robotics research where contact accuracy matters. Unlike simulators that smooth or approximate the friction cone, Axion solves the non-penetration contact constraints exactly and handles non-smooth friction — making it particularly well-suited for skid-steer locomotion, flipper robots, and any scenario where slip behavior drives the dynamics.

Key properties:

  • Stable at large timesteps — 5×10⁻² s works well in most scenes; some contact-heavy scenes remain stable at 1×10⁻¹ s
  • Parallel worlds — run thousands of independent simulations simultaneously on a single GPU
  • Maximal coordinates — makes it straightforward to model unconventional robot morphologies accurately
  • CUDA-accelerated — built on NVIDIA Warp and Newton

Helhest — 3-Wheeled Skid-Steer Robot

Helhest is a three-wheeled skid-steer robot that can also flip itself upright. Accurate friction is critical here: skid-steer turning depends entirely on the difference in lateral friction forces between wheels, and the flip maneuver requires correct contact dynamics throughout.

Skid-steer turning

Self-righting flip

Dense obstacle field

Motor realism on incline — P-velocity controller drifts under load as expected


Marv — Flipper Tracked Robot

Marv is a tracked robot with four articulated flippers — each flipper carries its own track. The combination of track contacts, flipper joints, and varying terrain makes this a demanding test for any simulator. Maximal coordinates make the morphology easy to express without hacks.

Skid-steer turning

Flipper articulation

Dense obstacle field

Large obstacle traversal


Getting Started


Aleš Kučerakuceral4@fel.cvut.cz Czech Technical University in Prague